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	<title>Hotel Britannique Paris &#187; Voltaire</title>
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		<title>1860-2010, The hotel is celebrating its 150 years!</title>
		<link>http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en/2011/11/03/hotel-britannique-celebrations/</link>
		<comments>http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en/2011/11/03/hotel-britannique-celebrations/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Nov 2011 14:12:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Hotel Britannique</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[1860 - The Hotel Britannique is born, right in the heart of the 1st area of Paris. The Hotel is...<br /><a class="more-link" href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en/2011/11/03/hotel-britannique-celebrations/">Read More</a>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1 style="text-align: left">1860 -</h1>
<h3>The Hotel Britannique is born, right in the heart of the 1st area of Paris. The Hotel is situated some 100 meters from the oldest square of  the right bank, 20 Avenue Victoria.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Copie-de-Copie-de-paris-1860-2.jpg"></a><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/1860-Napoléon-III-remet-le-décret-au-baron-Haussmann.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-985" title="1860 - Napoleon giving the order to Baron Haussmann" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/1860-Napoléon-III-remet-le-décret-au-baron-Haussmann.jpg" alt="" width="347" height="254" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Copie-de-Paris-1860-H_-B_location2.jpg"></a></p>
<h3>During the middle of the 19th Century, under the reign of Napoléon the III, the Baron Haussmann was hired to modernize Paris streets. Haussmann began his campaign ‘<em>Paris embellished, Paris enlarged, Paris sanitised</em>’ by clearing away any confusing city path, making way for domineering and uniformed straight roads. X marked the spot at Les Halles, just 400 meters from the hotel which he believed to be the ‘belly of Paris’ and endeavored to design the rest of his new city around it.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Reine-Victoria-211x3002.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-407" title="The Queen Victoria at the age of her coronation, 18 years. " src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Reine-Victoria-211x3002.jpg" alt="" width="211" height="300" /></a></p>
<h3>In 1854, the Avenue Victoria had seen its early days under the title of ‘Boulevard de l’Hôtel de Ville’. This would be replaced one year later by &lsquo;Avenue Victoria&rsquo;, in honor of the British Queen&rsquo;s visit to the town Hall of Paris on the 23rd August, 1855. Queen Victoria had been the distinguished guest of Napoléon III at the 1855 Paris Universal Exhibition. This moment marked the beginning of the cordial agreement between the two Empires.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/untitled.bmp"><img class="size-full wp-image-398  aligncenter" title="Queen Victoria at the Universal Exhibition" src="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/untitled.bmp" alt="" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Pari-1855-Visite-de-Reine-Victoria.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-399  aligncenter" title="Paris 1855 the visit of Queen Victoria" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Pari-1855-Visite-de-Reine-Victoria-300x273.jpg" alt="" width="243" height="248" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/fh1.bmp"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-406" title="The queen arrives in Paris, 18th August 1855" src="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/fh1.bmp" alt="" width="446" height="362" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Détail-salon-2.jpg"><br />
</a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Copie-de-Paris-1860-H_-B_location2.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-408" title="A plan of Paris in 1860, the heart indicates the location of Hotel Britannique" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Copie-de-Paris-1860-H_-B_location2.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="318" /></a></p>
<h2 style="text-align: left">It is at Number 20 of this avenue of scarcely finished buildings that the Perret-Baxter family chose to establish the Hotel Britannique.</h2>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Théière-Détail-1-1861.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-922" title="Théière Détail " src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Théière-Détail-1-1861.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="300" /></a><em> </em></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><em>&laquo;&nbsp;Presented to Monsieur et Madame Perret, Hotel Britannique Paris, by a few Scarborough friends, for their kind attention during a visit to Paris&nbsp;&raquo;.</em></p>
<h1>1870</h1>
<h3>The fall of the Second Empire &#8211; Napoléon III is denounced and the Prussians occupied Paris</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/avenue-Victoria1-300x2501.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-404" title="1870 Avenue Victoria, blocking the way of the Prussian's" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/avenue-Victoria1-300x2501.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="250" /></a><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/avenue-Victoria1-300x250.jpg"></a></p>
<h1>1871</h1>
<h3>The Paris Commune, an attempt of proletarian revolution. Massacre of the Communards by the Versaillais. Paris burning in may.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/20mai-1871-Paris-burning.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-405  aligncenter" title="20th May 1871, rebels (Communards) are burning public spaces in Paris. " src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/20mai-1871-Paris-burning.jpg" alt="" width="299" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Commune-de-Paris-1871.-La-rue-de-Rivoli-après-lincendie.-Au-fond-lHôtel-de-Ville.-Roger-Violet.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-574" title="Commune of Paris, 1871. Rivoli Street after bruning. In the background, the City Hall. Roger-Violet" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Commune-de-Paris-1871.-La-rue-de-Rivoli-après-lincendie.-Au-fond-lHôtel-de-Ville.-Roger-Violet-300x216.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="216" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">Rivoli Street situated some 100 meters from the Hotel Britannique</p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1879</h1>
<h3>The construction of the first telephone network begins</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Détail-salon-3.jpg"><br />
</a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1886</h1>
<h3>The celebration of the centennial of the Declaration of Independence in the United States of America.</h3>
<h3>&laquo;&nbsp;Liberty enlightening the world&nbsp;&raquo;, better known as the Statue of Liberty, was offered to the States by France in 1886, as a sign of friendship to celebrate the declaration of American independence. The inauguration of the statue was celebrated on October 28th 1886 in the presence of the president of the United States, Grover Cleveland.  The idea came from the French legal expert and professor, Edward of Laboulaye in 1865, under Napoléon III:  <span style="color: #ff0000"><strong>&laquo;&nbsp;I will fight for liberty, I will call for the free people. I will try to glorify the republic over this country, and I will continue until that day arrives in my country&nbsp;&raquo;</strong></span>. The gift of the Statue of Liberty to a Republic, located on the other side of the Atlantic, played an important role in the fight for the maintenance of the IIIrd Republic.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h3 style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Copie-de-statue_liberte_bartholdi1.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-442" title="The construction of the Statue of Liberty in Paris" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Copie-de-statue_liberte_bartholdi1-207x300.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="400" /></a></h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h3>The Statue of Liberty would go on to become a national symbol for the United States, representing the liberty and emancipation of man with regards to oppression.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/statue-de-la-liberte-3.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-575  aligncenter" title="The Statue of Liberty, New-York." src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/statue-de-la-liberte-3-300x201.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="201" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1887</h1>
<h3>The building of the Eiffel Tower commences</h3>
<h1 style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/construction-de-la-tour-eiffel.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-409  aligncenter" title="The building of the Eiffel Tower from 1887 to 1889" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/construction-de-la-tour-eiffel-300x149.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="200" /></a></h1>
<h1>1889</h1>
<h3>The celebration of the centennial of the 1789 French Revolution. Inauguration of the Eiffel Tower.</h3>
<h3>The french citizens living in USA reciprocates the offer of friendship by donating a representation of the Statue of Liberty. The statue was also given to the French at this moment in history in order to commemorate the centennial of the French Revolution. One can read on the plaque &laquo;&nbsp;5th JULY 1776 - 14th JULY 1789&Prime;.  It was inaugurated by the President Carnot on July the 4th 1892, 6 years after the donation of the &laquo;&nbsp;New York&nbsp;&raquo; Statue of Liberty. In 1937, during the Universal Exhibition, Bartholdi&rsquo;s wish was finally granted and the positioning of the French statue was changed in order to face towards New York.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/TOUR-EIFFEL-NOIR-ET-BLANC-216x3001.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-443  aligncenter" title="Réplica of the Statue of Liberty in front of the Eiffel Tower" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/TOUR-EIFFEL-NOIR-ET-BLANC-216x3001.jpg" alt="" width="216" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/383px-Georges_Garen_embrasement_tour_Eiffel1.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-410" title="The Tower is finished in 1889 to celebrate the 100 years passed since the Revolution" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/383px-Georges_Garen_embrasement_tour_Eiffel1.jpg" alt="" width="383" height="600" /></a></p>
<h1>1894</h1>
<h3>The Sorbonne holds the &laquo;&nbsp;Congress for the restoration of the Olympic Games&nbsp;&raquo;</h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1898</h1>
<h3>A census is taken counting some 94 255 bicycles and 89 automobiles in Paris</h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/1898-Panhard-300x214.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-444  aligncenter" title="1898-Panhard" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/1898-Panhard-300x214.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="214" /></a></p>
<h1>1900</h1>
<h3>The Universal Exhibition and the Olympic Games at Paris. The first metro line appears (Vincennes – Porte Maillot). This is also the beginning of the period of progress named ‘La Belle Epoque’</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Bouche-de-metro-style-nouille-Belle-Epoque.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-576  aligncenter" title="Metro stop, designed from &quot;La Belle Epoque&quot;" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Bouche-de-metro-style-nouille-Belle-Epoque.jpg" alt="" width="223" height="200" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/labelleepoque-195x300.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-412" title="The style of the 'Belle Epoque'" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/labelleepoque-195x300.jpg" alt="" width="195" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/metro-150x150.jpg"><br />
</a></p>
<h1>1910</h1>
<h3>The great flood of Paris. Somewhat slightly elevated, the area surrounding the Hotel Britannique is left surprisingly untouched despite its close proximity to the Seine</h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Louvre-des-Antiquaires-1910-280x300.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-414  aligncenter" title="Paris during the great floods of 1910" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Louvre-des-Antiquaires-1910-280x300.jpg" alt="" width="280" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Détail-salon.jpg"><br />
</a></p>
<p style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>
<h1 style="text-align: left">1914</h1>
<h3 style="text-align: left">The beginning of the First World War and the end of the ‘Belle Epoque’. The Hotel Britannique opens its doors to the American-English Quakers, providing mutual aid for those in need</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center"><span style="color: #ff00ff"><em><br />
</em></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center"><span style="color: #ff00ff"><em> </em></span></h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><img class="size-full wp-image-416  aligncenter" title="The Quakers Headquarters, 20 Ave Victoria in 1920" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Ste-des-Quakers-20-av-Vicotria.jpg" alt="" width="276" height="202" /><em><em> </em></em></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><em><em>A part of the Hotel Britannique, dedicated to the Quakers<br />
</em></em></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h3 style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #ff00ff"><em> </em></span></h3>
<h1>1920</h1>
<h3>The Christian Society of Friends, also known as the Quakers, establishes its first official french headquarters in Paris at the Hotel Brtitannique. The lasting documentation of this period tells us that the Perret-Baxters had great sympathy for the friend’s plight which was reciprocated with a commemorative plaque, still standing in the hotel lobby today.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h3 style="text-align: center"><span style="color: #ff00ff"><em><br />
</em></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Plaque-en-cuivre-gravée-offerte-par-les-Quakers.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-920" title="Plaque en cuivre gravée offerte par les Quakers" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Plaque-en-cuivre-gravée-offerte-par-les-Quakers.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="400" /></a></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center"><span style="color: #ff00ff"><em>&laquo;&nbsp;This Hotel, during the great war of 1914 &#8211; 1918, housed the Quaker mission of the Friends Society and gave aid to the population and reconstructed regions touched by the war. During the years 1914 &#8211; 1920 more than a million volunteers, English and American and both women and men, took part in this cause and passed through the hotel. The red and black star, the sign of the mission, was first seen in 1870-1871 by the members of a similar mission sent to France by the Quakers in order to help the victims of this war&nbsp;&raquo;.</em></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center"><span style="color: #ff00ff"><em> </em></span></h3>
<p style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Ste-des-Quakers-20-av-Vicotria.jpg"></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Fox-George-LOC-240x300.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-thumbnail wp-image-417" title="George Fox, 1624-1691, the founder of the Quakers Society" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Fox-George-LOC-240x300-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<h3>The movement founded by the descendants of the Anglican Church during the 17th Century is documented in Voltaire’s ‘Philosophical Letters’, published in 1734 :</h3>
<h3><em>‘I believed that the doctrine and the history of such extra-ordinary people were worthy of curiosity. To find out about them, I visited one the most eminent Quakers in England (Andrew Pitt, a linen draper from Hampstead) who had been in commerce for thirty years, but had decided to limit his wealth and wants, and had retired to the countryside close to London. I went to seek him out in his retreat which was a small house, well-built and clean and without ornaments.<br />
The Quaker was a fresh-faced old man who had never been ill, because he had never known passions or intemperance. I have never seen in my life a nobler or more engaging countenance than his. He was dressed, like all those of his religion, in a plain coat without pleats in the sides or buttons on either the pockets or the sleeves. He was wearing a large hat, with turned down brim, like our clergy. He received me with his hat on his head, and came towards me without the slightest inclination of his body, but there was more politeness in the open, humane expression on his face than in the custom of drawing one leg behind the other, and carrying the head-covering in one&rsquo;s hand.’</em></h3>
<h3><em><br />
</em></h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Voltaire-300x244.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-445  aligncenter" title="Voltaire" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Voltaire-300x244.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="244" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h3 style="text-align: left"><em>“Our apparel is also somewhat different from that of others that it may be a perpetual warning to us not to imitate them. Others wear the badges and marks of their several dignities, and we those of Christian humility. We fly from all assemblies of pleasure, from diversions of every kind, and from places where gaming is practised; and, indeed, our case would be very deplorable, should we fill with such levities as those I have mentioned the heart which ought to be the habitation of God&nbsp;&raquo;.</em></h3>
<h3><em><em>&laquo;&nbsp;We never swear an oath, not even in a court of law. We think that the name of God ought not to be prostituted in the miserable squabbles of men. When we are obliged to appear before a magistrate on someone else&rsquo;s account (for law suits are unknown amongst Friends) we affirm the truth by a &laquo;&nbsp;yes&nbsp;&raquo; or a &laquo;&nbsp;no&nbsp;&raquo;. The judges believe us on our simple word, whilst so many other Christians perjure themselves upon the Gospels&nbsp;&raquo;&#8230;&#8230;</em></em></h3>
<h3><em>&laquo;&nbsp;And when, after a victory is gained, the whole city of London is illuminated; when the sky is in a blaze with fireworks, and a noise is heard in the air, of thanksgivings, of bells, of organs, and of the cannon, we groan in silence, and are deeply affected with sadness of spirit and brokenness of heart, for the sad havoc which is the occasion of those public rejoicings.&nbsp;&raquo;</em></h3>
<h3>Opposing the war, the Religious Society of Friends offered their generous services to the hospitals during the World War I, believing that God is charitable and man must be also.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Robinet.jpg"><br />
</a></p>
<h1>1918</h1>
<h3>The end of the war. After the end of the conflict, a generation dreaming of a new world proclaims ‘never again’</h3>
<h1>1920</h1>
<h3>The beginning of the ‘Années Folles’. The utopian ideals of the 19th Century gave way to individualism and extravagance. It&rsquo;s during this period that Paris saw the emergence of  art movements such as Surrealism, Dada and Art Deco. It is also at this time that the American writer Henry Miller would call the crossroads of Vavin-Raspail-Montparnasse &laquo;&nbsp;the navel of the world&nbsp;&raquo;</h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/jgk1.bmp"></a><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/untitled2.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-995" title="Style of &quot;Années Folles&quot;" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/untitled2.jpg" alt="" width="199" height="272" /></a></p>
<h1>1924</h1>
<h3>The Olympic Games</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-419  aligncenter" title="Poster for the Paris Olympics 1924" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/jpg" alt="" width="208" height="300" /></a></p>
<h1>1927</h1>
<h3>Charles Lindbergh receives a hero’s welcome after traversing the North Atlantic</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Charles_A__Lindbergh-150x1501.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-421  aligncenter" title="Charles.A.Lindbergh" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Charles_A__Lindbergh-150x1501.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<h1>1928</h1>
<h3>The Inauguration of the tennis stadium Rolland-Garros</h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1931</h1>
<h3>The first television show</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Les-ancêtres.jpg"><br />
</a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1937</h1>
<h3>Universal Exhibition</h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1940</h1>
<h3>3rd of June, the Nazis bombard Paris: 250 deaths</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Paris-brule-t-il.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-577  aligncenter" title="Is Paris burning?" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Paris-brule-t-il.jpg" alt="" width="275" height="296" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1943</h1>
<h3>3rd of September, Allied bombardment: 400 deaths</h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1 style="text-align: left">1944</h1>
<h3 style="text-align: left">21st of April, Allied bombardment: 600 deaths. 19th of August, the liberation of Paris</h3>
<p style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Liberation-de-Paris1-219x300.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-422    aligncenter" title="Liberation of Paris in 1944 with help from their allies" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Liberation-de-Paris1-219x300.jpg" alt="" width="219" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/TOUR-EIFFEL-NOIR-ET-BLANC-216x300.jpg"></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/u.bmp"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-446" title="'Paris broken, Paris tormented but Paris is free!' Charles de Gaulle 1944" src="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/u.bmp" alt="" width="500" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h2>Luckily Hotel Britannique&rsquo;s treasure escapes the Nazi’s robbery!</h2>
<h2>During the four years of Nazi occupation, the owner of the Hotel Britannique – a descendent of the family Perret-Baxter, founders of the Hotel, had taken care to bury his valuable treasure in the ground of the hotel&rsquo;s vaulted cellars. And what a treasure ! Dozens of bottles of vintage Sauternes wines aged from the beginning of the century and bottles of Bourgogne, dating from the 20s. To celebrate the liberation of Paris (and the bottle’s liberation from the ground) certain were opened and, undoubtedly, greatly appreciated. However a great number were preserved even into the 80s. The current owner of the hotel remembers to have had the great honour to taste, in 1983, a bottle of Vosnes-Romanée aged 60 years. That is an experience that one never forgets.</h2>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/VINS-DE-BOURGOGNE.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-447  aligncenter" title="Wine from Bourgogne" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/VINS-DE-BOURGOGNE.jpg" alt="" width="201" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1947</h1>
<h3>The first fashion show (Christian Dior)</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/tailleur-dior-1947-252x300.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-424  aligncenter" title="Dior tailloring in 1947" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/tailleur-dior-1947-252x300.jpg" alt="" width="252" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1968</h1>
<h3>The revolution of spirits tumbles Paris.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/MAI-68.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-425  aligncenter" title="'Be young and shut up', May 1968" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/MAI-68.jpg" alt="" width="153" height="215" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1977</h1>
<h3>8th December, the opening of the metro/train station RER Chatelet-Les Halles, the most important metro stop in the world. It is also the closest station to the Hotel.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Les-ancêtres.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-990  aligncenter" title="Les ancêtres" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Les-ancêtres.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1978</h1>
<h3>The Hotel Britannique changes hands from the Perret-Baxter family. The British born Miss Louise Claude Baxter, born the 17th May 1926, passes the Hotel over to the family Danjou. Of French nationality the Danjous originate not from Great Britain, but Brittany.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Robinet.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-989  aligncenter" title="Robinet" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Robinet-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1980</h1>
<h3>The hotel closes for six months for important renovation works. A lift is installed, the bathrooms are added, each floor is rearranged and the decoration is renewed.</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Détail-salon-3.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-987  aligncenter" title="Détail salon " src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Détail-salon-3-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>1985</h1>
<h3>The Hotel Britannique receives its 3rd star</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Détail-salon-2.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-986  aligncenter" title="Détail salon " src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Détail-salon-2-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>2000</h1>
<h3>The hotel enters the very selective club of quality hotels selected by the Hotels with Charm Guide</h3>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Détail-salon.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-988  aligncenter" title="Détail salon" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Détail-salon-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<h1>2010</h1>
<h3>The Hotel Britannique is placed the 37th greatest hotel out of the 1841 hotels in Paris by Tripadvisor. A great 150th birthday present, Champagne!</h3>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/champagne-298x300.jpg"></a><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Occasion-Speciale.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-991" title="Champagne !!!" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Occasion-Speciale.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: right">Romantic Paris Hotel</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/" target="_blank">Hotel Britannique Paris</a> Romantic Paris Hotel, 3 star Hotel Paris</p>
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		<item>
		<title>The astonishing story of the Pantheon</title>
		<link>http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en/2011/10/28/pantheon-paris-hotel/</link>
		<comments>http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en/2011/10/28/pantheon-paris-hotel/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Oct 2011 13:07:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Hotel Britannique</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[In 1744, whilst staying in Metz and suffering from a serious illness, the king, Louis XV vowed that if he...<br /><a class="more-link" href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en/2011/10/28/pantheon-paris-hotel/">Read More</a>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In 1744, whilst staying in Metz and suffering from a serious illness, the king, Louis XV vowed that if he survived, he would create a basilica instead of the gothic church dedicated to St. Genevieve (the saint protective patron of Paris since she saved the city from the invasion of the horrific Attila). He did recover and true to his word  when he returned to Paris, he instructed the Marquis de Marigny, General Manager of buildings, to build the monument where the ruined abbey of Sainte-Genevieve once stood.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Ancienne-eglise-Saint-Genevieve-fondee-par-Clovis.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-653  aligncenter" title="The old chruch of Saint Genevieve, built by Clovis" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Ancienne-eglise-Saint-Genevieve-fondee-par-Clovis.png" alt="" width="235" height="293" /></a></p>
<p>In 1755, the Marquis de Marigny employs the architect Jacques-Germain Soufflot. Soufflot had sent from Rome his idea which was received with great acclamation.</p>
<p>The foundations are dug in 1758. Louis XV lays the first stone in the 6<sup>th</sup> September 1764.<br />
Financial difficulties and the death of Soufflot in 1780 delays  the construction of the building which would finally be completed in 1790, during the French Revolution.<br />
On the pediment is written the quote from Pastoret: &laquo;&nbsp;For great men, the grateful homeland&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Fronton_Pantheon_Paris.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-654  aligncenter" title="Pediment of the Pantheon" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Fronton_Pantheon_Paris-300x105.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="105" /></a></p>
<p>The Revolution exploded and the National Assembly decides by a decree of April 4<sup>th</sup> 1791, to use the building as a burial ground for exceptional individuals who had contributed  to the success of France. &laquo;&nbsp;May  the temple of religion be the temple of the country, and the tomb of a great man become the altar of freedom.&nbsp;&raquo; This building was named the French Pantheon.<br />
During the 1<sup>st</sup> Empire, the building was both a burial ground and a place of worship. The crypt sheltered the grave of great servants of the state, while in the upper part religious ceremonies and often imperial commemorations took place.</p>
<p>From 1821 to 1830, the monument was no longer a pantheon.  After an ordinance of December 12<sup>th</sup>, 1821, Louis XVIII and Charles X restore it as a church (dedicated to St. Genevieve). However, the graves are not removed. Whilst  Louis XVIII’s courtiers had questioned if it was proper to leave the remains of the anticlerical Voltaire in a holy place, the King replies, &laquo;&nbsp;Leave him alone, he is punished enough having to hear Mess every day.&nbsp;&raquo;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Pantheon_Paris.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-655  aligncenter" title="Paris Pantheon" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Pantheon_Paris.jpg" alt="" width="388" height="266" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">The July Monarchy moves the Church of St. Genevieve to the Catholic worship on August 15<sup>th</sup>, 1830 and re-establishes its first destination. The  Pantheon was then called &laquo;&nbsp;Temple of Glory.&nbsp;&raquo; David d&rsquo;Angers redid the facade and the famous motto &laquo;&nbsp;For great men the grateful homeland&nbsp;&raquo; reappears. But during this period, no one will be “Pantheonised”.</p>
<p>From 1848 to 1851 under the Second Republic, it would become the “Temple of Humanity”,  without attracting either new tenant.<br />
During  the Second Empire (1851-1870), the building becomes a church and the  inscription disappears again.<br />
It’s only since 1885, when Victor Hugo died and was buried in the Pantheon that  the church of St. Genevieve disappeared. From that moment until now the building is the place where great men honored by the Republic rest  in peace.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Fronton-du-Pantheon.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-656  aligncenter" title="Pantheon's pediment" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Fronton-du-Pantheon-300x183.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="183" /></a></p>
<p>The pediment represents: the Republic (center) promoting liberty and protecting the people,Sciences (left) &#8211; represented by many great scholars (François-Xavier Bichat, Berthollet, Gaspard Monge, Laplace &#8230;), Philosophers (Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau &#8230;), Writers (Fenelon, Peter Cornelius &#8230;) Artists (Jacques Louis David &#8230;) &#8211; and History (right) &#8211; represented by the great people of the State (Napoleon Bonaparte &#8230; ) and students of the Ecole Polytechnique.</p>
<p>In 1791, when the notion of  the French Pantheon was formed, the Constituent Assembly had the decisive power. The 1794s Convention chose to burry Jean-Jacques Rousseau, but also to remove Mirabeau, and later Marat.<br />
During the First Empire, Napoleon the first assumed this privilege.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Napoleon-Bonaparte-à-Sainte-Hélène.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-695  aligncenter" title="Napoleon Bonaparte in St Hélène" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Napoleon-Bonaparte-à-Sainte-Hélène-300x187.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="187" /></a></p>
<p>Under the Third Republic, it is the members who propose and decide. Some transfers involve violent polemics, such as Emile Zola in 1908.<br />
Nowadays, this choice belongs to the President of the Republic. The family may object to this honor, as Charles Peguy and Albert Camus families did in 2009.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Albert-Camus.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-696  aligncenter" title="Albert Camus" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Albert-Camus-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Charkes-Péguy.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-697  aligncenter" title="Charles Péguy" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Charkes-Péguy-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<h2><strong>Great men admitted to Pantheon </strong></h2>
<p><strong>* Mirabeau, Monday, April 4, 1791 :</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Mirabeau.jpg"><br />
</a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Mirabeau1.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-736  aligncenter" title="Mirabeau" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Mirabeau1-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p>Mirabeau died in Paris on 2<sup>nd</sup> April 1791. This night, torches were lit and his body was taken to the Pantheon, crossing through old Paris. The building however was not yet adapted to its new role and the coffin was actually dropped in a vault of the old abbatial church.<br />
But in November 1792, the discovery of the iron wardrobe at the Tuileries gave evidence that he owned subsidies in the Court &#8230; The September 12<sup>th</sup>, 1794, his coffin was removed from the Hall through a side door, while Marat’s coffin crossed the threshold of honor. In his speech David stressed that: “ the vice and the imposture flees the Pantheon. The people there, called him the one who never made a mistake”. Mirabeau&rsquo;s remains were anonymously buried in the cemetery of Clamart.</p>
<p><strong>* Voltaire, Monday, July 11, 1791:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/voltaire.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-657  aligncenter" title="Voltaire" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/voltaire.jpg" alt="" width="396" height="322" /></a><br />
</strong></p>
<p>The French’s revolutionary decision to transfer the remains of Voltaire to the Pantheon shows their desire to affiliate with the Enlightenment. It was perhaps the suggestion of the Girondins who willingly promoted the ideas of the philosopher.That was one of the first revolutionary ceremonies. It was also an affirmation of the Pantheon as a temple for the great dead; one has to remember that when Voltaire died in 1778, he was an anticlerical and a Freemason, who had been furtively buried because the Catholic church refused him a religious funeral. Besides, the clergy wouldn’t participate in the ceremony of “Pantheonisation”.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/funerailles-de-Voltaire.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1312" title="funerailles-de-Voltaire" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/funerailles-de-Voltaire.jpg" alt="" width="396" height="207" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Funérailles-nationales-de-Voltaire.jpg"><br />
</a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Funérailles-nationales-de-Voltaire.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-659  aligncenter" title="Voltaire's national funerals" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Funérailles-nationales-de-Voltaire-269x300.jpg" alt="" width="269" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: left">Thus, thirteen years after his death (May 30<sup>th</sup>, 1778), Voltaire’s remains was transferred to the Pantheon. The night before the funeral, the coffin was exhibited in the ruins of the Bastille &#8211; the prison where Voltaire and others enemies of the Old Regime had been confined. Since this time, the prison has become a kind of symbol of the Revolution. The ceremony was staged by the architect Cellerier, a follower of the Greco-Roman style.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/tombeau-de-Voltaire-au-Panthéon-I.jpg"></a><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Statue-de-Voltaire-au-Panthéon.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-661  aligncenter" title="Statue of Voltaire in Pantheon" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Statue-de-Voltaire-au-Panthéon-296x300.jpg" alt="" width="296" height="300" /></a></p>
<p>An orchestra followed the coffin pulled by twelve white horses. The walls were decorated with theatrical masks, with this accolade:<br />
&laquo;&nbsp;He fought the atheists and fanatics. He inspired tolerance, he claimed for the human rights against the slavery of feudalism. Poet, historian, philosopher, he enlarges the human spirit and taught him to be free. &laquo;&nbsp;<strong> </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/tombeau-de-Voltaire-au-Panthéon-I.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-660  aligncenter" title="Voltaire's grav" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/tombeau-de-Voltaire-au-Panthéon-I.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="233" /></a><br />
</strong></p>
<p><strong>* Jean-Paul Marat, September 21, 1794:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Marat-Assassiné-par-Charlotte-Cordet.jpg"></a><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Marat-Assassiné-par-Charlotte-Cordet.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-662  aligncenter" title="Marat killed by Charlotte Cordet" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Marat-Assassiné-par-Charlotte-Cordet-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: left">While the body of Marat crossed the threshold of honor, Mirabeau’s coffin was released by a side door. The following eulogy was delivered: &laquo;&nbsp;Like Jesus, Marat ardently loved people. Like Jesus, Marat hated kings, nobles, priests, the rich, the rogues and like Jesus, he continued to fight these plagues of society &laquo;&nbsp;.<br />
In 1795, he was considered as a traitor. On the 8<sup>th</sup> of February, his coffin was removed from the Pantheon; the sculpture busts portraying himself were broken and his remains are thrown into the sewage. Today his tomb is found in the cemetery of Saint-Etienne-du-Mont near the Pantheon.</p>
<p><strong>* Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Saturday, October 11, 1794 :</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Jean_Jacques_Rousseau.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-663  aligncenter" title="Jean Jacques Rousseau" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Jean_Jacques_Rousseau.jpg" alt="" width="231" height="287" /></a><br />
</strong></p>
<p>The National Convention vowed a decree in April 14<sup>th</sup>, 1794 ordering the removal of Rousseau’s remains from the Pantheon. Robespierre is representing the Convention and has to submit the decree. They wanted to establish a spiritual revolution and offer the country civil ceremonies where the ideals of the new morality would be performed, replacing the banned Christian holidays.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Robespierre.bmp"><img class="size-full wp-image-664  aligncenter" title="Robespierre" src="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Robespierre.bmp" alt="" /></a></p>
<p><strong>* Victor Hugo, Monday, June, 1st, 1885:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Victor-Hugo.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-665  aligncenter" title="Victor Hugo" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Victor-Hugo-287x300.jpg" alt="" width="287" height="300" /></a></p>
<p>Since 1876, Republicans dreamt to restore their Pantheon, their temple of the dead. But the plan passed by the House in 1881, was rejected by the Senate. It’s only the famous author of Les Miserables who would brutally impose it, so much so that the President of the Republic, Jules Grévy decided to give back its republican status.<br />
On Thursday, May 28, 1885, the church is closed to the faithful. The next day, they removed the religious symbols from the pediment of the Pantheon. Despite protests from Catholics, this time the transformation would be irreversible.</p>
<p>Two years before his death, Hugo adds to his will and testament: &laquo;&nbsp;I give fifty thousand francs to the poor. I want to be brought to the cemetery in their hearse. I refuse the oration of any churches, I ask a prayer for all souls. I believe in God &laquo;&nbsp;, he could not possibly imagine how this statement would correspond with the deist philosophy and secular republican government. The day of his funueral, under the Arc de Triumph appeared a black veiled pauper&rsquo;s hearse and a huge catafalque built by Charles Garnier,  the architect of the Paris Opera.</p>
<p><strong>* </strong><strong>August, the 4th, 1889 :<br />
</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong>Théophile Malo Corret de la Tour d&rsquo;Auvergne </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/La-Tour-dAuvergne.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-698  aligncenter" title="La Tour d'Auvergne" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/La-Tour-dAuvergne.jpg" alt="" width="147" height="175" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong>Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot</strong><strong> </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/grand_carnot.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-699  aligncenter" title="Lazare Carnot" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/grand_carnot-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong>François-Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, called Marceau</strong><strong> </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Marceau-Desgraviers.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-700  aligncenter" title="Marceau-Desgraviers" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Marceau-Desgraviers-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong>Jean-Baptiste Baudin</strong> :</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/alphonse_baudin_sur_la_barricade_ernest_pichio_1857.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-701  aligncenter" title="Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Baudin sur la barricade, Ernest Pichio 1857" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/alphonse_baudin_sur_la_barricade_ernest_pichio_1857-300x188.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="188" /></a></p>
<p>These four people were buried to mark the centenary of the French Revolution.</p>
<p><strong>* </strong><strong>Sadi Carnot</strong><strong>, </strong><strong>29</strong><strong> </strong><strong>juin</strong><strong> </strong><strong>1894</strong> :</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Sadi_Carnot_jpeg.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-702  aligncenter" title="Sadi Carnot" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Sadi_Carnot_jpeg-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p>He was assassinated by the anarchist Caserio on June 24<sup>th</sup>. He is the only president to have been buried in the Pantheon.</p>
<p><strong>* Marcellin Berthelot, Monday, March 25, 1907:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Marcellin-Berthelot.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-703  aligncenter" title="Marcellin-Berthelot" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Marcellin-Berthelot-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p>The scientist died on March 18<sup>th</sup>, 1907. His coffin was taken directly to the Pantheon, along with the coffin of his wife who had coincidently died on the same day. She had expressed a wish never to be separated from her husband.</p>
<p><strong>* Emile Zola, Thursday, June 4, 1908</strong>:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/19s_zola.jpg"><br />
</a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/19s_zola.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-666  aligncenter" title="Emile Zola" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/19s_zola-214x300.jpg" alt="" width="214" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: left">The decision to “patheonise” Emile Zola came from a dim political climate in a traumatized and divided France after the Dreyfus scandal.<br />
A few days before the ceremony Jean Jaures wrote: &laquo;&nbsp;The great reform of the Separation, the most important that has been attempted in our country since the French Revolution&nbsp;&raquo;. In addition to this, in 1904 France had severed its diplomatic relations with the Vatican.</p>
<p><strong>* </strong><strong>Léon Gambetta</strong><strong>, jeudi </strong><strong>11</strong><strong> </strong><strong>novembre</strong><strong> </strong><strong>1920</strong> :<strong> </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong><br />
<a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Gambetta.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-667    aligncenter" title="Gambetta" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Gambetta-233x300.jpg" alt="" width="233" height="300" /></a> </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left">A speech was delivered at the ceremony by Millerand the President of the Republic.</p>
<p><strong>* Jean Jaures, Sunday, November 23, 1924 :</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Jean-Jaures.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-668    aligncenter" title="Jean Jaures" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Jean-Jaures-234x300.jpg" alt="" width="234" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: left">The decision to transfer Jean Jaures’ remains to the Pantheon was an opportunity for the elected government Leftists to benefit from a symbolic anchorage whilst paying tribute to the man who tried to prevent war.</p>
<p><strong>* Wednesday </strong><strong>November 17, 1948: </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong> </strong><strong>Paul Langevin</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Paul_Langevin.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-704  aligncenter" title="Paul Langevin" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Paul_Langevin-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p><strong><br />
</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong>Jean Perrin</strong><strong> </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Jean-Perrin.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-705  aligncenter" title="Jean Perrin" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Jean-Perrin.jpg" alt="" width="82" height="129" /></a></p>
<p>The ceremony takes place the same day for these two scientists.<strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong><br />
* </strong><strong>Friday, May 20, </strong><strong>1949: </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong> </strong><strong>Victor Schoelcher </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Victor_Schoelcher.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-706  aligncenter" title="Victor Schoelcher" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Victor_Schoelcher-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong>Félix Éboué</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Félix-Eboué.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-707  aligncenter" title="Félix Eboué" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Félix-Eboué.jpg" alt="" width="141" height="174" /></a></p>
<p>The vigil took place at the Arc de Triomphe, honored by the President Vincent Auriol’s presence -most senior of the state. The procession with the kind that Chopin&rsquo;s Funeral March evokes, proceeding through the Palais du Luxembourg Pantheon between a double row of soldiers. The ashes of Victor Schoelcher and Felix Eboue would later be placed in the crypt, along with those of Jean Jaures.</p>
<p><strong>* </strong><strong>Louis Braille</strong><strong>, dimanche </strong><strong>22</strong><strong> </strong><strong>juin</strong><strong> </strong><strong>1952:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/braille.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-708  aligncenter" title="Louis Braille" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/braille-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong>and </strong><strong>Jean Moulin</strong><strong>, samedi </strong><strong>19</strong><strong> </strong><strong>décembre</strong><strong> </strong><strong>1964</strong><strong>:<br />
</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Jean-Moulin.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-669  aligncenter" title="Jean Moulin" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Jean-Moulin-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong>* Rene Cassin, Monday, October 5, 1987:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Rene-Cassin.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-709  aligncenter" title="Rene Cassin" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Rene-Cassin-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p>The one that we honor this day was the laying to rest of the lawyer and Nobel peace prize winner in 1968. Rene Cassin had honorably passed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.</p>
<p><strong>* Jean Monnet, Wednesday, November 9, 1988:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Timbre-allemand-de-Jean_Monnet.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-670  aligncenter" title="Timbre allemand de Jean Monnet" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Timbre-allemand-de-Jean_Monnet-300x187.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="187" /></a></p>
<p>&laquo;&nbsp;There is exactly one hundred years, the November 9<sup>th</sup>, 1888, Jean Monnet was born in Cognac, Charente. His life which was long and enriched tells how a small provincial from Saintonge became the first citizen of Europe &#8230; &nbsp;&raquo;</p>
<p><strong>*<strong> </strong></strong><strong>Tuesday December 12, 1989: </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong> </strong><strong>L&rsquo;abbé Grégoire</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Abbe-Gregoire.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-710  aligncenter" title="Abbe Gregoire" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Abbe-Gregoire-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p><strong><br />
</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong>Gaspard Monge</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Gaspard-Monge.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-711  aligncenter" title="Gaspard Monge" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Gaspard-Monge-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><strong>Condorcet </strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Condorcet.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-712  aligncenter" title="Condorcet" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Condorcet.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="192" /></a></p>
<p>The ashes of these three men were also transferred to the Pantheon. The ceremony corresponded with the celebrations of the bicentenary of the French Revolution held by François Mitterrand, President of the French Republic.<br />
&laquo;&nbsp;Revolutionaries in your time you were. Revolutionaries in our time you remain&#8230; In Salvation and Fraternity. You are welcomed in the temple of the Republic, in the phantom parliament of the free, equal and fraternal men. &nbsp;&raquo;</p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>* Marie and Pierre Curie, Thursday, April 20, 1995:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Pierre-et-Marie-Curie-II.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-671  aligncenter" title="Pierre et Marie Curie" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Pierre-et-Marie-Curie-II-300x179.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="179" /></a></p>
<p>For the first time in history a woman is admitted for her own merits, alongside her husband in the sanctuary of great men.<br />
Note: For fear of radiation, the coffin of Mary was sealed.</p>
<p><strong>* Andre Malraux, Saturday, November 23, 1996:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/André-Malraux.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-672  aligncenter" title="André Malraux" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/André-Malraux-241x300.jpg" alt="" width="241" height="300" /></a></p>
<p>Malraux is the fifth writer to enter the Hall of Pantheon.</p>
<p><strong>* Alexandre Dumas, Saturday, November 30, 2002:</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Alexandre_Dumas.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-673  aligncenter" title="Alexandre Dumas" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Alexandre_Dumas.jpg" alt="" width="240" height="300" /></a></p>
<p>&laquo;&nbsp;With this gesture, the Republic will give full scope for one of its most turbulent and brightest children whose whole life was spent to serve our republican ideals. &nbsp;&raquo;</p>
<p>&laquo;&nbsp;The name of Alexandre Dumas is more than French, it is European, it is more than European, it is universal”. The coffin of Alexandre Dumas was then descended into the vault XXIV where there lay already those of Victor Hugo and Emile Zola.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/le-pantheon-paris.jpg"><br />
</a><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/le-pantheon-paris.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-674  aligncenter" title="Paris Pantheon" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/le-pantheon-paris-300x221.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="221" /></a></p>
<h3>Who will be the next great man?</h3>
<p style="text-align: right">Romantic Paris Hotel</p>
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		<title>Paris, capital of luxury</title>
		<link>http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en/2011/10/20/paris-luxury-hotel/</link>
		<comments>http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en/2011/10/20/paris-luxury-hotel/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Oct 2011 12:37:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Hotel Britannique</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Romantic Paris]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Exalting the senses and creating emotion, ‘Luxury’ approaches perfection with creativity, knowledge and tradition. Luxury comes from the Latin word...<br /><a class="more-link" href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en/2011/10/20/paris-luxury-hotel/">Read More</a>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Exalting the senses and creating emotion, ‘Luxury’ approaches perfection with creativity, knowledge and tradition.</p>
<p>Luxury comes from the Latin word <em>luxus</em> which means excess or decadence, pomp and splendor. It evokes a lavish lifestyle leading to unnecessary spending. This is required in order to surround oneself with a sumptuous sophistication or pure taste of ostentation, as opposed to one’s basic needs.</p>
<p>A luxury product is essentially a guarantee of quality: the customer knows that it has been produced with expertise, often it is a work of art and uniquely hand- made. It is for this reason that one is ready to pay the excessive amount on the price tag.</p>
<p>The luxury brand is often a family brand, whose origin is rooted in tradition. Here the creator has mixed, at the right moment; knowledge, passion and ambition to give birth to an elevated product and lifestyle shared with their loved ones and passed down in generations. The Luxe does not necessarily have to be well known. Producing a product in small quantities which is ordered by a limited clientele means that these producers of the Luxe profit from its rarity, and from their claim to excellence.</p>
<p>Creators of the luxe have existed for many centuries. Throughout history, the idea of luxury has stemmed from the traditions and lifestyle of the preceding cultures.</p>
<p>Looking back to the Egyptians, we see a population already showing concern for beauty, one’s well being, and social distinction. The possession of jewelry or perfume illustrates the beginning of man’s need for luxury. Some centuries later, the idea of Luxury would become a propelling source of inspiration for artistic and technical discoveries.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/bague-egyptienne-1500-1000avJC.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-718  aligncenter" title="Egyptian ring -1500-1000 before JC" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/bague-egyptienne-1500-1000avJC-280x300.jpg" alt="" width="280" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Parure-egyptienne.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-719  aligncenter" title="Parure egyptienne" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Parure-egyptienne-226x300.jpg" alt="" width="226" height="300" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p>In France, thanks to the political and administrative statements set since the Middle Ages, the powerful centralised government allowed for major economic activity of suppliers to the court, particularly in the decorative arts.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/louis-XIV.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-722  aligncenter" title="louis XIV" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/louis-XIV-216x300.jpg" alt="" width="216" height="300" /></a></p>
<p>The monarchy would later propel this activity. Louis XIV and his successors become very important leaders. We then witness the creation of large factories able to provide for not only the court but also the aristocracy. These producers were gratified enough to become suppliers to other Court. One of the best known creators was Francois-Thomas Germain, nicknamed &laquo;&nbsp;the jeweler of Kings&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Louis-XIV-et-sa-cour.jpg"></a><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Louis-XIV-et-sa-cour2.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-745  aligncenter" title="Louis XIV et sa cour" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/07/Louis-XIV-et-sa-cour2.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Versailles.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-721  aligncenter" title="Versailles" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Versailles-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p>From the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, the Luxe was the concern of philosophical, religious, economic and moral debate. Voltaire for example considered luxury to be a real economic engine, while opponents such as Rousseau, believed it to be an obstruction of virtue.Luxury is associated to a wealth which allows one to investment money in something that will generate pure pleasure, rather a profit or satisfy a need. In the eighteenth century, Voltaire explained this idea in a paradoxical formula: &laquo;&nbsp;The superfluous is very necessary. &laquo;&nbsp;(The Poem Mondain, 1736).</p>
<p>The Revolution did not interrupt the need for luxury. Napoleon restored a stately court, which even if it did seem a little ‘nouveau riche’, was none the less &laquo;&nbsp;brilliant&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Le-luxe-de-Napoléon-1er.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-723  aligncenter" title="The Luxe of Napoléon 1st " src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Le-luxe-de-Napoléon-1er.jpg" alt="" width="239" height="284" /></a></p>
<p>But the Restoration is problematic. The Nobles were often left out of pocket and therefore less willing to invest in luxuries</p>
<p>In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution induced two significant transformations. First was the rise of a new elite class, the bourgeoisie. The elite were concerned with possessing (as quickly as possible) the same thing as the aristocracies of the past. Secondly, productors adopted new innovative and effective manufacturing processes which reduced costs and increased production.</p>
<p>Odiot seems to be one of the first who successfully made this transition. At the end of the Empire he created a steam engine whose demand rose rapidly. Rather than give up, he decided to change his production methods, no longer producing to order but to manufacture and sell. Thus we see the transition from handwork logic to industrial scale.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Portrait-de-Jean-Baptiste-Odiot-par-Robert-Lefèvre-1822.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-636  aligncenter" title="Portrait de Jean-Baptiste Odiot par Robert Lefèvre, 1822" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Portrait-de-Jean-Baptiste-Odiot-par-Robert-Lefèvre-1822-300x227.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="227" /></a></p>
<p>In 1815, this innovative approach was quickly adopted by other manufacturers. This is particularly the case in the production of jewelry, furniture and even in new productions such as that of the piano. Pleyel, fabricators of the piano, are a principal example.</p>
<p>Added to this, the beginning of globalization opens up very important commercial prospects. During the July Monarchy and the Second Empire, the idea of Paris as capital of Luxury begins to become a reality.</p>
<p>During the universal exhibitions, the sovereign clearly showed his support for this movement when providing the establishment of luxury in Paris. For example, Worth, the dressmaker of the Empress and her surroundings.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/worth.jpg"><br />
</a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/worth.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-637  aligncenter" title="Charles Frederick Worth" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/worth-239x300.jpg" alt="" width="239" height="300" /></a></p>
<p>Then, ‘a two level production’ as it is called in France, existing of both the production of the semi luxe and the luxe, sets up in Paris. The craft tradition persists, and is even more developed. Amongst the jewelers we see the development of future famous brands like Cartier Chaumet. But alongside this luxury handcraft emerges a semi-luxury activity which will help Paris to light up the rest of the world…</p>
<p>At the end of the Second Empire, the food business sees the birth of the prestigious brands Hediard and Fauchon.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Maison-Hédiard.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-638  aligncenter" title="Maison Hédiard" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Maison-Hédiard-300x203.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="203" /></a></p>
<p>The exhibition of 1900 reveals Paris as the global capital of luxury. With the advancement of transport and the new fashion for days out and holidaying, came a boom in the hotel and restaurant business. Consequently names such as Hermes and Louis Vuitton are born.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-639" title="Paris, Hôtel Ritz" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Paris-Hôtel-Ritz.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="268" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p>In 1925, the world&rsquo;s largest boat named the “Normandie”, sets sail. Normandie was the leading example of French creation, a real museum piece out on the ocean proving to the world that true creation takes place in Paris.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/le-paquebot-Normandie-à-New-York.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-641    aligncenter" title="le paquebot Normandie à New York" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/le-paquebot-Normandie-à-New-York.jpg" alt="" width="381" height="405" /></a></p>
<p>While World War II hits Europe and France in particular, the popularity of brand names soars. Remembering the emblematic figures such as Chanel or Christian Dior, the world of luxury takes root and rapidly grows up. The late &rsquo;40s may be described as a frenzy of luxury: 106 houses are labeled ‘Haute Couture’ and the perfume industry booms.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Coco-Chanel-par-Elina-Löwensohn.bmp"><img class="size-full wp-image-642  aligncenter" title="Coco Chanel par Elina Löwensohn" src="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Coco-Chanel-par-Elina-Löwensohn.bmp" alt="" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-643" title="Chanel n°5" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/chanel-n-5-231x300.jpg" alt="" width="231" height="300" /></p>
<p>The return of Coco Chanel and the triumph of Yves Saint Laurent enhance this feeling, Paris retains its status as the global capital of fashion and style.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-644" title="Place Vendôme" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/662-300x225.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-645" title="Yves-Saint-Laurent" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Yves-Saint-Laurent.jpg" alt="" width="404" height="337" /></p>
<p>Today, the title for the leaders of Luxury is battled out by other capitals of creativity such as New York or Milan. However, its history and the current strength of its designers gives the City of Light something more, a little ‘extra’ which makes it resonate for a longtime in the collective imagination.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-646" title="Image L. Vuitton" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Image-L.-Vuitton-300x130.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="130" /></p>
<p>Louis Vuitton : 38 Avenue George V, 75008 Paris. Website : http://<a href="http://www.louisvuitton.com/" target="_blank">www.louisvuitton.com/</a></p>
<p>Christian Dior Couture : 8 Place Vendôme, 75001 Paris. Website : http://<a href="http://www.dior.com/" target="_blank">www.dior.com/</a></p>
<p>Cartier : 23 Place Vendôme, 75001 Paris. Website : http://<a href="http://www.cartier.fr" target="_blank">www.cartier.fr</a></p>
<p>Fauchon : 24-26 Place de la Madeleine, 75008. Website : http://<a href="http://www.fauchon.com/fr/fr" target="_blank">www.fauchon.com/fr/fr</a></p>
<p>Guerlain : 68 Avenue des Champs-Elysées, 75008 Paris‎. Website : http://<a href="http://www.guerlain.com" target="_blank">www.guerlain.com</a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Pub-L.-Vuitton.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-647  aligncenter" title="Pub L. Vuitton" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Pub-L.-Vuitton.jpg" alt="" width="342" height="400" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Pub-Nina-Ricci.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-648    aligncenter" title="Pub Nina Ricci" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/Pub-Nina-Ricci-300x225.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/paris_adt.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-724  aligncenter" title="Advertising, Bourjois" src="http://www.hotel-britannique.fr/en2/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2010/08/paris_adt.jpg" alt="" width="232" height="320" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: right">Romantic Paris Hotel</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.romanticparishotel.com/" target="_blank">Hotel Britannique Paris</a> Romantic Paris Hotel, 3 star Hotel Paris</p>
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